Motivational interviewing for preventing oral morbidities in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to assess whether motivational interviewing (MI) effectively prevents oral morbidities in adults. METHODS: Studies considered were randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized controlled trials and community-based randomized trials assessing interventions based on MI or indicating that a counselling technique based on the principles developed by Miller and Rollnick was used. Controls were any type of oral health education or negative controls. Participants were 18-60 years old. The main outcome was any oral morbidity. From 602 studies identified in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and LILACS databases, seven studies were included in the synthesis. RESULTS: Studies included only evaluated periodontal outcomes, no studies were found for other oral morbidities. Patients' mean age was 43.7 years, and the follow-up time after MI or MI-based intervention varied between 1 month and 1 year. The total study population was 272 people with moderate-to-severe periodontitis; other groups analysed were pregnant women (n = 112) and patients with mental disorders and alcohol problems (n = 60). Meta-analysis for the plaque index (four studies, n = 267), bleeding on probing (two studies, n = 177) and gingival index (two studies, n = 166) were carried out. The summary effects for the random-effects model were estimated respectively as -3.59 percentage points (CI: [-11.44; 4.25] for plaque index, -6.41 percentage points (CI: [-12.18, -0.65]) for bleeding on probing and -0.70 (CI: [-1.87; 0.48]) for gingival index, marginally favouring the MI group. The reduced number of studies, the non-disclosure of some aspects of the data and the heterogeneity among them undermine the precision of the estimates. CONCLUSION: The current evidence available is limited to periodontal outcomes, and it is not possible to determine whether MI effectively prevents oral morbidities in adults.

Trends in Breastfeeding and Associated Factors in a Primary Healthcare Service in the South of Brazil: 2004 to 2015.

The aim was to monitor the frequency of Breastfeeding (BF) and Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) in a Primary Healthcare Service, between the years of 2004 to 2015. This is a historical series is composed of eight cross-sectional surveys that were carried out during the annual vaccination campaigns. A total of 6027 children were evaluated, with a mean age of 6.2 months. There was a significant increase in the rates of BF (7.2%) and EBF (9.5%) in children less than four months old. In infants from four to five months old, a substantial decline was observed in the EBF rate between 2010 and 2015 (6.3%). The frequency of BF had a 10.1% increase in infants from six to nine months old and remained stable in children from 10 to 11 months of age. Among children less than six months old, monitoring by the health service had a positive impact on the frequency of BF (p < 0.001) and EBF (p < 0.001). The better BF and EBF rates seen in this study in infants followed up by the primary healthcare centers reinforce the evidence on the importance of expanding and qualifying primary healthcare as support for mother and child healthcare.

¿La Entrevista Motivacional puede ser utilizada en la prevención de las caries en preescolares? Una revisión integradora / A Entrevista Motivacional pode ser utilizada na prevenção da cárie em pré-escolares? Uma revisão integrativa / Can Motivational Interviewing be used in caries prevention in preschoolers? An integrative review

El objetivo fue realizar una revisión a partir de una duda clínica: "¿La práctica de la entrevista motivacional (EM) puede ser utilizada en la prevención de las caries en preescolares?" Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura en abril de 2021 utilizándose una adaptación del "Sistema 6S". Se evaluó la calidad de las revisiones sistemáticas (RS). Fueron realizadas búsquedas en las revistas periódicas Evidence-Based Dentistry, Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice y en el sitio del Centro de Odontología Basada en Evidencias de American Dental Associaton, Biblioteca Cochrane y PubMed/Medline. Las palabras para la búsqueda fueron "motivational interviewing" y "dental caries". Resultados: Se hallaron 2 RS sobre el tema. Una RS de 2020 mostró reducción de caries a través del meta-análisis, pero sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa; los autores destacan que las evidencias limitadas se deben a la presencia de estudios heterogéneos basados en diferentes metodologías. Otra RS de 2021 concluyó que la EM posee el potencial de modificar el comportamiento y reducir significativamente lesiones cariosas principalmente en niños con elevada experiencia de caries. Fue también evaluada la calidad metodológica de las RS incluidas en esta revisión a través de los protocolos PRISMA y AMSTAR-2. Ambas presentaron bajo riesgo de sesgo y alta calidad. Conclusión: la práctica de la EM contribuyó en la prevención de la caries en preescolares, principalmente en los niños de alto riesgo. Sin embargo, las evidencias son moderadas, obtenidas a partir de meta-análisis poco robustos y de un número limitado de estudios aleatorios de buena calidad metodológica

Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão integrativa a partir de uma dúvida clínica: "A prática da entrevista motivacional (EM) pode ser utilizada na prevenção da cárie dentária em pré-escolares?". Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura em abril de 2021 utilizando-se uma adaptação do "Sistema 6S". Avaliou-se a qualidade das revisões sistemáticas (RS) encontradas através de duas ferramentas para avaliação metodológica. Foram realizadas buscas nos periódicos Evidence-Based Dentistry, Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice e no site do Centro de Odontologia Baseada em Evidências da American Dental Associaton. Buscou-se RS nas bases da Biblioteca Cochrane e PubMed/Medline. As palavras selecionas para as buscas foram "motivational interviewing" e "dental caries". Resultados: a busca final resultou em 2 RS sobre o tema. Uma RS de 2020 mostrou redução de cárie através da meta-análise, porém sem diferença estatisticamente significativa; os autores destacam que as evidências limitadas se devem a presença de estudos heterogêneos baseados em diferentes metodologias. Outra RS de 2021 concluiu que a EM possui o potencial de modificar o comportamento e reduzir significativamente lesões cariosas principalmente em crianças com elevada experiência de cárie. Foi ainda avaliada a qualidade metodológica das RS incluídas nesta revisão através dos protocolos PRISMA e AMSTAR-2. Ambas apresentaram baixo risco de viés e alta qualidade. Conclusão: a prática da EM contribui na prevenção da cárie em pré-escolares, principalmente nas crianças de alto risco. Entretanto, as evidências são moderadas, obtidas a partir de meta-análises pouco robustas e de um número limitado de estudos randomizados de boa qualidade metodológica

Aim: to perform an integrative review based on a clinical question: "Can motivational interviewing (MI) be used to prevent dental caries in preschool children?". Materials and methods: an integrative literature review was conducted in April 2021 using an adaptation of the "6S System". We also evaluated the quality of the systematic reviews (SR) found through two tools for methodological assessment. Evidence-Based Dentistry, Journal of Evidence-Based Dental Practice and on the website of the Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry of the American Dental Association. SRs were searched in the Cochrane Library and PubMed/Medline databases were searched. The selected search words were "motivational interviewing" and "dental caries". Results: the final search resulted in 2 SR on the topic. One SR from 2020 showed a reduction in dental caries through meta-analysis, but with no statistically significant difference; the authors point out that the limited evidence is due to the presence of heterogeneous studies based on different methodologies. Another SR from 2021 concluded that MI has the potential to modify behavior and significantly reduce carious lesions, mainly in children with high caries experience. The methodological quality of the SR included in this review was also assessed using the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 protocols. Both showed high quality and low risk of bias. Conclusion: the practice of MI contributes to the prevention of dental caries in preschoolers, especially in high-risk children. However, the evidence is moderate, obtained from poor meta-analyses and a limited number of randomized studies of good methodological quality.

Análise quantitativa de frenectomias realizadas no contexto do SUS após obrigatoriedade do teste da linguinha / Quantitative analysis of frenectomies performed in the context of the SUS after mandatory tongue test

RESUMO Buscou-se investigar e conhecer a frequência e a distribuição de frenotomias e fenectomias realizadas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) após os dispositivos legais que instituíram o teste da linguinha, bem como entender quais profissionais estão realizando o procedimento cirúrgico. Estudo descritivo analítico, retrospectivo, com dados secundários, disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do DataSUS, extraídos por meio do TabWin. Observou-se um aumento considerável no número de procedimentos, porém, com flutuações nos anos seguintes. Das frenectomias registradas no SUS, no período, 33% foram realizadas por dentistas na atenção primária. Os resultados apontaram que houve um aumento substancial no número de procedimentos cirúrgicos em dois momentos, em 2014 e em 2017, possivelmente em decorrência da publicação da Lei nº 13.002/2014 e da Nota Técnica (NT) nº 09/2016. A NT nº 35/2018 deslocou o diagnóstico e o tratamento para a média complexidade, possivelmente resultando em filas, principalmente em se tratando de cirurgias que poderiam ser realizadas na atenção primária. Apesar de não haver unanimidade quanto à correlação anquiloglossia e desmame, não parece haver um monitoramento para evitar cirurgias desnecessárias, uma vez que a ordenha pode não ser afetada e o acompanhamento ser realizado para confirmar ou não essa necessidade.

ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate and to know the frequency and the distribution of frenotomies and frenectomies performed in the Unified Health System (SUS) after the legal provisions that instituted the tong test, and to understand which professionals are performing the surgical procedure. This is an analytical, descriptive, retrospective study, with secondary data, available in the DATASUS Information System. It was observed that a considerable increase in the number of procedures, but with fluctuations in the following years. Out of the frenectomies registered in the SUS in the period, 33% were performed by dentists in primary care. The results showed that there was a substantial increase in the number of surgical procedures in two moments, in 2014 and in 2017, possibly as a result of the publication of Ordinance nº 13.002/2014 and Technical Note (NT) No. 09/2016. NT No. 35/2018 shifted diagnosis and treatment to medium complexity, possibly resulting in queues, especially in the case of surgeries that could be performed in primary care. Although there is no unanimity regarding the correlation between ankyloglossia and weaning, there seems to be no monitoring to avoid unnecessary surgeries, since milking may not be affected and follow-up is carried out to confirm or not this need.

Aplausos às diretrizes para a prática clínica odontológica na atenção primária à saúde / Applause to the guidelines for clinical dental practice in primary health care

In recent important days, social media have been communication tools for the new Guidelines for the Dental Clinic that are being used and disseminated by the Ministry of Health (MS) through the Secretariat of Primary Health Care (APS). This year, more precisely in May, the Guideline for clinical dental practice in Primary Health Care: treatment in pregnant women was published. The document was previously made available, still in 2021, in public consultation, and various sectors of society and the community were aware of their considerations and suggestions. This is a relevant strategy for validating the material, as it provides opportunities for the professional health teams to look at the use of the future Guideline. For those who are unaware, the General Coordination of Oral Health of the Ministry of Health, in partnership with the GODeC (Global Observatory for Dental Care) initiative of the Federal University of Pelotas, will make available in the year 2022, 22 clinical guidelines for the qualification of the caregiver. in health oral supply in Primary Health Care by the Unified Health System (SUS)

Grupos de cessação de tabaco: série histórica de um serviço de atenção primária à saúde no sul do Brasil / Tobacco cessation groups: historical series of a primary health care at the south of Brazil

Resumo Introdução O tabagismo é uma das principais causas evitáveis de doenças e um grande desafio para a saúde pública, sendo a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) o nível de atenção à saúde com maior potencial de manejo da cessação de uso de tabaco. Objetivo O objetivo foi descrever os resultados de cessação de tabaco em grupos inseridos em um programa público de tratamento do tabagismo ao longo de 11 anos. Método Estudo retrospectivo do tipo série histórica dos grupos de tabagismo desenvolvido no período de 2006 a 2016 nas 12 unidades de saúde do Serviço de Saúde Comunitária do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Porto Alegre-RS. Os dados foram coletados nos Relatórios Anuais de Indicadores de Saúde e no Sistema de Informações do GHC. Análises descritivas foram realizadas por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados Dos 2.691 tabagistas acompanhados, 1.273 (47%) deixaram de fumar até a quarta sessão do grupo. Discussão A cessação de tabaco em grupos contribuiu para que mais da metade dos participantes conseguisse parar de fumar ao longo do período de 4 semanas de tratamento em grupo. Esta é uma importante estratégia terapêutica acessível e eficiente para auxiliar e oportunizar um atendimento integral aos usuários tabagistas no contexto da APS.

Abstract Background Smoking is one of the main preventable causes of diseases and a major challenge for public health. Primary Health Care (PHC) is the level of health care with the greatest potential for managing tobacco cessation. Objective The objective was to describe the results of smoking cessation in groups included in a public smoking treatment program over 11 years. Methods Retrospective study of the historical series type of smoking groups developed between 2006 and 2016 in the 12 health units of the Community Health Service of Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Porto Alegre-RS. Data were collected in the Annual Health Indicator Reports and the GHC Information System. Descriptive analyzes were performed using absolute and relative frequencies. Results Of the 2,691 smokers monitored, 1,273 (47%) quit smoking until the fourth session of the group. Discussion Smoking cessation in groups contributed to more than half of the participants being able to quit smoking over 4 weeks of treatment groups. This is an important accessible and efficient therapeutic strategy to assist and provide comprehensive care to smokers in the context of PHC.

Prevalence of malocclusion in early childhood and its associated factors in a primary care service in Brazil / Prevalência de maloclusões na primeira infância e fatores associados em um serviço de atenção primária no Brasil

ABSTRACT Purpose to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors of children cared for by a PHC Service in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in 12 Health Care Practices. Of the 414 children in the cohort examined, 268 were assessed for malocclusion. The presence of anterior open bite, posterior and anterior crossbite was evaluated by the criteria of Foster and Hamilton. Socioeconomic variables, breastfeeding habits and pacifier use information were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical approach by Poisson Regression with robust variance. Results out of the total 268 evaluated, 135 (50.4%) were boys, and the average age was 28.6 (± 11.9) months. Out of the 143 (53.4%) cases of malocclusion, 113 were anterior open bite, 16 were anterior crossbite, 27 were posterior crossbite, and 38 had increased overjet. In the final analysis, it was observed that there was a higher prevalence of malocclusion in children who never breastfed (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.00-2.08) and who always used a pacifier to sleep (PR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.14-2.86). Conclusion the prevalence of malocclusion in this population was high and was associated with behavioral habits, such as the use of pacifier and not breastfeeding.

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a prevalência de maloclusões e seus fatores associados em crianças atendidas em um Serviço de APS de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Método estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte, realizado em 12 Unidades de Saúde. Das 414 crianças da coorte examinadas, 268 foram examinadas para maloclusão. A presença de mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior e anterior foi avaliada pelos critérios de Foster e Hamilton. Variáveis socioeconômicas, hábitos de amamentação e informações sobre o uso de chupeta foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de uma abordagem hierárquica por Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados do total de 268 avaliados, 135 (50,4%) eram meninos e a média de idade foi de 28,6 (± 11,9) meses. Dos 143 (53,4%) casos de maloclusão, 113 eram mordida aberta anterior, 16 eram mordida cruzada anterior, 27 eram mordida cruzada posterior e 38 tinham overjet acentuado. Na análise final, observou-se que houve maior prevalência de maloclusões em crianças que nunca foram amamentadas (RP = 1,44; IC95% 1,00-2,08) e que sempre usaram chupeta para dormir (RP = 1,81; IC95% 1,14 -2,86). Conclusão a prevalência de maloclusões nesta população foi elevada e esteve associada a hábitos comportamentais, como o uso de chupeta e a não amamentação.

Factors Associated with Tobacco Cessation in Primary Health Care.

Introduction Cigarettes are the main cause of preventable death in the world, and primary health care services can contribute to the management of this habit. Objective To describe and analyze the factors associated with tobacco cessation in groups of smokers in primary health care. Methods The present is a cross-sectional study conducted in 12 primary health care units from July 2016 to May 2017. We investigated sociodemographic and health variables, as well as smoking characteristics and different interventions for tobacco cessation, with the outcome being studied and analyzed after the fourth group care session. Results We evaluated 329 smokers, of which 182 quit smoking after the fourth interview. Most of the individuals who quit smoking were women ( n = 121, 66.5%), with a monthly income of 2 to 5 minimum wages ( n = 88, 77.9%). After the multivariable analysis, we observed that tobacco cessation was significantly associated with depression (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.02 to 1.22), as well as with belonging to the groups which used as approaches motivational interviewing (PR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.13 to 2.01), patches (PR = 1.36; 95%CI = 1.24 to 1.48), and bupropion (PR = 1.16; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.31). Conclusion Primary health care is the ideal site for the reduction of smoking rates, given that different technologies may be applicable and useful for tobacco cessation. The comprehensiveness and longitudinal care offered in primary care may provide opportunities for health professionals to understand which is the best technology for each health system user, thus contributing to personalized care.

Prevalence of malocclusion in early childhood and its associated factors in a primary care service in Brazil.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors of children cared for by a PHC Service in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort, carried out in 12 Health Care Practices. Of the 414 children in the cohort examined, 268 were assessed for malocclusion. The presence of anterior open bite, posterior and anterior crossbite was evaluated by the criteria of Foster and Hamilton. Socioeconomic variables, breastfeeding habits and pacifier use information were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a hierarchical approach by Poisson Regression with robust variance. RESULTS: out of the total 268 evaluated, 135 (50.4%) were boys, and the average age was 28.6 (± 11.9) months. Out of the 143 (53.4%) cases of malocclusion, 113 were anterior open bite, 16 were anterior crossbite, 27 were posterior crossbite, and 38 had increased overjet. In the final analysis, it was observed that there was a higher prevalence of malocclusion in children who never breastfed (PR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.00-2.08) and who always used a pacifier to sleep (PR = 1.81; 95%CI 1.14-2.86). CONCLUSION: the prevalence of malocclusion in this population was high and was associated with behavioral habits, such as the use of pacifier and not breastfeeding.

Validation of an instrument to determine oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Oral health of the mother-infant dyad is important to preserve general health. However, there are few instruments in Spanish for the evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices that determine this construct. Therefore, this research aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Maternal Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Questionnaire (CAPSOM in Spanish). METHODS: In this instrument development study that carried out in 2018-2019, involving pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 in the city of Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico. The sample size was calculated based on 10 women per questionnaire item (n = 10 k). The study used Cronbach's alpha, the modified Lawshe test of validity criteria, factor analysis, and the level of difficulty and discrimination of the items. RESULTS: 207 women took part with their signed, informed consent (25 ± 6 years). The internal consistency of the instrument, both total and by dimension was α = 0.70, α = 0.66 knowledge, α = 0.74 attitudes, and α = 0.66 practices. Values of Content Validity Ratio' ≥ 0.60 were obtained for the final 10 items and Content Validity Index' = 0.90. The average difficulty index of items was 0.40, and there were significant differences (Kruskall-Wallis, p < 0.001) in the discrimination test. Factor analysis demonstrated three main components. CONCLUSIONS: A valid and reliable 10-item Spanish questionnaire was designed to measure pregnant women's oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

Factors associated with the initiation of breastfeeding in a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. / Fatores associados ao início da prática do aleitamento em uma maternidade de Lima, Peru.

PURPOSE: To verify the anatomophysiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors of the mother-newborn binomial, as well as their association with the initiation of breastfeeding. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The sample consisted of 304 healthy neonates and their mothers. Breastfeeding performance was estimated by clinical assessment using the Clinical Evaluation of Breastfeeding Efficacy scale and maternal self-perception by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Multivariate Prevalence Ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson Regression with Robust Variance and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of clinical low breastfeeding performance was 27.6%. Primiparous women were associated with higher prevalence of low performance when they did not trust to succeed [PR:2.02(95%CI:1.18-3.44)] and lower prevalence in having a good latch [PR:0.52(95%CI:0.29-0.95)], as well as in coping successfully [PR:0.59(95%CI:0.37-0.91)]. Multiparous women showed higher prevalence when they were not confident in staying motivated [PR:3.47(95%CI:1.67-7.22)] and in calming the neonate [PR:4.07(95%CI:1.83-9.95)]. There was lower prevalence in keeping the neonate awake [PR:0.32(95%CI:0.14-0.75)] and when they did not feel confident in the presence of their family [PR:0.29(95%CI:0.13-0.64)]. CONCLUSION: It is important that health professionals be aware of emotional, social, and cultural issues to promote quality breastfeeding.

OBJETIVO: Verificar os fatores anatomofisiológicos, psicológicos, socioculturais do binômio mãe neonato e sua associação com o início da prática do aleitamento materno. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal realizado em uma Maternidade de Lima Peru. A amostra foi de 304 neonatos sadios e suas respectivas mães. O desempenho na amamentação foi estimado por avaliação clínica utilizando-se a escala de Avaliação Clínica da Eficácia da Amamentação e a autopercepção materna pela Escala de Autoeficácia da Amamentação. Razões de Prevalência (RP) multivariadas foram estimadas pela Regressão de Poisson com Variância Robusta e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de baixo desempenho clínico na amamentação foi de 27,6%. Primíparas associarem-se a maior prevalência de baixo desempenho quando não confiavam em ter sucesso [RP:2,02(IC95%:1,18-3,44)] e menor prevalência em ter boa pega [RP:0,52(IC95%:0,29-0,95)], assim como em enfrentar com êxito [RP:0,59(IC95%:0,37-0,91)]. As multíparas, apresentaram maior prevalência quando não confiavam em manter-se motivadas [RP:3,47(IC95%:1,67-7,22)] e em acalmar o neonato [RP:4,07(IC95%:1,83-9,95)]. Houve menor prevalência em manter o neonato acordado [RP:0,32(IC95%:0,14-0,75)] e quando não se sentiam confiantes na presença de seus familiares [RP:0,29(IC95%:0,13-0,64)]. CONCLUSÃO: É importante que profissionais da saúde estejam atentos às questões emocionais, sociais e culturais para a promoção de um aleitamento materno com qualidade.

Effectiveness of motivational interviewing in smoking groups in primary healthcare: a community-based randomized cluster trial.

Smoking is the main cause of avoidable death and a major public health problem worldwide, with primary healthcare being a strategic setting for treating this problem. Aims: to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing associated with the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in smoking groups in primary healthcare. A community-based cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in Brazil, starting in July 2016. Professionals in the test group were trained in motivational interviewing for eight hours to associate it with the CBT. The usual treatment for smoking cessation in groups consists of four structured weekly sessions of 90 minutes each using a CBT. Taylor's linearization was used to correct the p-values; the chi-square test with Pearson correlation was used for categorical variables, and analysis of variance as well as the Student t-test were used for continuous variables. In total, 44 smoking groups were conducted, totaling 329 patients (178 in the motivational interviewing group and 151 in the control group). The smoking cessation rate with motivational interviewing was 61.8%, with RR = 1.25 (95%CI: 1.01-1.54, p = 0.043), and 47.7% in the control group, in the fourth weekly group treatment session. Mean session attendance was 3.1 (95%CI: 2.9-3.3) in the motivational interviewing group and 2.9 (95%CI: 2.5-3.4) in the control group. The completion rate for the motivational interviewing group was 65.2% and for the control group, 57.6%. Motivational interviewing associated with the CBT was shown to be effective and superior to only CBT to smoking cessation in groups in the fourth weekly session and for the population profile of the study (women with an average age of 50.6 years).

Motivational interviewing for preventing early childhood caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to assess whether motivational interviewing (MI) is effective in the prevention of early childhood caries (ECC) and to examine potential sources of heterogeneity. METHODS: Interventions based on motivational interviewing were considered eligible. The main outcome was new caries lesions (some studies included white-spot lesions in total count), and secondary outcomes included caregivers' oral health knowledge, home-care behaviours, plaque index, gingival index and fluoride varnish applications. Controls were any type of oral health education or negative controls without any specific intervention. RESULTS: From a total of 1498 studies identified in the databases search, 1078 were assessed for eligibility by reading titles and abstracts, after removal of duplicates. Full-text screening was performed in 61 articles, with 18 reporting on 14 different studies included in the qualitative synthesis and 8 in the quantitative synthesis (four studies included new white-spot lesions in total count). Subgroup analysis was performed by the control group dmft/dmfs and the test for subgroup differences suggests that there is a subgroup effect (P = .06), so population caries experience modifies the effect of MI-based intervention. In populations with high caries experience, the MI-based approach proved preventing an average of 3.15 (95% CI: -6.14, -0.17) dmfs in young children. In samples with low caries experience, differences were smaller, since the caries levels were already lower (-0.31; 95% CI: -0.63, 0.00). CONCLUSION: Motivational interviewing has the potential to modify knowledge and behaviours and reduce ECC with a more significant impact on children with high caries experience.

Effectiveness of motivational interviewing in smoking groups in primary healthcare: a community-based randomized cluster trial / A efetividade da entrevista motivacional em grupos de tabagistas na atenção primária: um estudo randomizado de clusters comunitários / Efectividad de las entrevistas motivacionales en grupos de fumadores dentro de la atención primaria: un ensayo grupal aleatorio basado en comunidades

Smoking is the main cause of avoidable death and a major public health problem worldwide, with primary healthcare being a strategic setting for treating this problem. Aims: to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing associated with the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in smoking groups in primary healthcare. A community-based cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in Brazil, starting in July 2016. Professionals in the test group were trained in motivational interviewing for eight hours to associate it with the CBT. The usual treatment for smoking cessation in groups consists of four structured weekly sessions of 90 minutes each using a CBT. Taylor's linearization was used to correct the p-values; the chi-square test with Pearson correlation was used for categorical variables, and analysis of variance as well as the Student t-test were used for continuous variables. In total, 44 smoking groups were conducted, totaling 329 patients (178 in the motivational interviewing group and 151 in the control group). The smoking cessation rate with motivational interviewing was 61.8%, with RR = 1.25 (95%CI: 1.01-1.54, p = 0.043), and 47.7% in the control group, in the fourth weekly group treatment session. Mean session attendance was 3.1 (95%CI: 2.9-3.3) in the motivational interviewing group and 2.9 (95%CI: 2.5-3.4) in the control group. The completion rate for the motivational interviewing group was 65.2% and for the control group, 57.6%. Motivational interviewing associated with the CBT was shown to be effective and superior to only CBT to smoking cessation in groups in the fourth weekly session and for the population profile of the study (women with an average age of 50.6 years).

O tabagismo é a principal causa de morte evitável, e é um problema de saúde pública global. A atenção primária representa um contexto estratégico para enfrentar o problema. O objetivo foi avaliar a efetividade da entrevista motivacional associada à terapia cognitiva-comportamental (TCC) em grupos de tabagistas tratados na atenção primária. Foi realizado um estudo clínico randomizado de clusters comunitários, iniciado em julho de 2016. Os profissionais no grupo experimental foram treinados durante 8 horas na técnica de entrevista motivacional , com o propósito de associar a técnica à TCC. O tratamento usual para cessação de tabagismo em grupos consiste em quatro sessões estruturadas com duração de 90 minutos, uma por semana, com o uso da TCC. Foi aplicada a linearização de Taylor para corrigir os valores de p; o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson foi usado para variáveis categóricas e análise de variância, e o teste t de Student para variáveis contínuas. Foram organizados 44 grupos de tabagistas, com um total de 329 pacientes (178 no grupo entrevista motivacional e 151 no grupo controle). A taxa de cessação do tabagismo com entrevista motivacional foi 61,8%, com RR = 1,25 (IC95%: 1,01-1,54; p = 0,043), comparado com 47,7% no grupo controle, depois da quarta sessão semanal de terapia de grupo. A média de frequência foi de 3,1 sessões (IC95%: 2,9-3,3) no grupo entrevista motivacional e 2,9 (IC95%: 2,5-3,4) no grupo controle. A proporção de participação integral nas sessões foi 65,2% no gruo entrevista motivacional e 57,6% no grupo controle. A entrevista motivacional associada à TCC mostrou ser efetiva e superior à TCC isoladamente para cessação de tabagismo em grupos com quatro sessões semanais e para o perfil da população do estudo (mulheres com média de idade de 50,6 anos).

Fumar es la principal causa de muerte evitable, y uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública alrededor del mundo, siendo la atención primaria un eje estratégico para el tratamiento de este problema. El objetivo fue evaluar la efectividad de las entrevistas motivacionales, asociadas con la terapia comportamental cognitiva (TCC), en grupos de fumadores dentro de la atención primaria. El ensayo clínico grupal aleatorio basado en comunidades se realizó en Brasil, empezó en julio de 2016. Los profesionales en el grupo de prueba fueron entrenados en entrevistas motivacionales durante 8 horas para asociarlo con el TCC. El tratamiento habitual para dejar de fumar en grupos consistía en cuatro sesiones semanales, estructuradas en 90 minutos cada una, usando la TCC. Se aplicó la linealización de Taylor para corregir los valores de p; el test de chi-cuadrado con la correlación de Pearson se usó para las variables categóricas y se utilizaron el análisis de variancia y el test Student t para las variables continuas. Se monitorizaron 44 grupos de fumadores, totalizando 329 pacientes (178 en el entrevistas motivacionales grupo y 151 en el grupo de control). La tasa de abandono del tabaco con entrevistas motivacionales fue 61,8%, con RR = 1,25 (95%CI: 1,01-1,54; p = 0,043), y 47,7% en el grupo de control, en la cuarta sesión grupal de tratamiento semanal. La media de asistencia a sesiones fue 3,1 (95%CI: 2,9-3,3) en el grupo entrevistas motivacionales y 2,9 (95%CI: 2,5-3,4) en el grupo de control. La tasa de finalización para el grupo entrevistas motivacionales fue 65,2%, y para el grupo de control 57,6%. Las entrevistas motivacionales asociadas con la TCC demostró ser efectiva y superior para solamente la TCC de abandonar el tabaco en grupos en la cuarta sesión semanal y para el perfil de la población en estudio (mujeres con una media de edad de 50,6 años).

Fatores associados ao início da prática do aleitamento em uma maternidade de Lima, Peru / Factors associated with the initiation of breastfeeding in a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar os fatores anatomofisiológicos, psicológicos, socioculturais do binômio mãe neonato e sua associação com o início da prática do aleitamento materno. Método Estudo transversal realizado em uma Maternidade de Lima Peru. A amostra foi de 304 neonatos sadios e suas respectivas mães. O desempenho na amamentação foi estimado por avaliação clínica utilizando-se a escala de Avaliação Clínica da Eficácia da Amamentação e a autopercepção materna pela Escala de Autoeficácia da Amamentação. Razões de Prevalência (RP) multivariadas foram estimadas pela Regressão de Poisson com Variância Robusta e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados A prevalência de baixo desempenho clínico na amamentação foi de 27,6%. Primíparas associarem-se a maior prevalência de baixo desempenho quando não confiavam em ter sucesso [RP:2,02(IC95%:1,18-3,44)] e menor prevalência em ter boa pega [RP:0,52(IC95%:0,29-0,95)], assim como em enfrentar com êxito [RP:0,59(IC95%:0,37-0,91)]. As multíparas, apresentaram maior prevalência quando não confiavam em manter-se motivadas [RP:3,47(IC95%:1,67-7,22)] e em acalmar o neonato [RP:4,07(IC95%:1,83-9,95)]. Houve menor prevalência em manter o neonato acordado [RP:0,32(IC95%:0,14-0,75)] e quando não se sentiam confiantes na presença de seus familiares [RP:0,29(IC95%:0,13-0,64)]. Conclusão É importante que profissionais da saúde estejam atentos às questões emocionais, sociais e culturais para a promoção de um aleitamento materno com qualidade.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the anatomophysiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors of the mother-newborn binomial, as well as their association with the initiation of breastfeeding. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted in a maternity hospital in Lima, Peru. The sample consisted of 304 healthy neonates and their mothers. Breastfeeding performance was estimated by clinical assessment using the Clinical Evaluation of Breastfeeding Efficacy scale and maternal self-perception by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Multivariate Prevalence Ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson Regression with Robust Variance and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The prevalence of clinical low breastfeeding performance was 27.6%. Primiparous women were associated with higher prevalence of low performance when they did not trust to succeed [PR:2.02(95%CI:1.18-3.44)] and lower prevalence in having a good latch [PR:0.52(95%CI:0.29-0.95)], as well as in coping successfully [PR:0.59(95%CI:0.37-0.91)]. Multiparous women showed higher prevalence when they were not confident in staying motivated [PR:3.47(95%CI:1.67-7.22)] and in calming the neonate [PR:4.07(95%CI:1.83-9.95)]. There was lower prevalence in keeping the neonate awake [PR:0.32(95%CI:0.14-0.75)] and when they did not feel confident in the presence of their family [PR:0.29(95%CI:0.13-0.64)]. Conclusion It is important that health professionals be aware of emotional, social, and cultural issues to promote quality breastfeeding.

Dietary intake quality and associated factors in one year-old children seen by primary healthcare services. / Qualidade do consumo alimentar e fatores associados em crianças de um ano de vida na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the food intake quality in one year-old children seen by a primary healthcare (PHC) service. This is a cross-sectional studied nested within a child oral health cohort study which collected data regarding children born in 2013 and monitored in Porto Alegre for two years. We applied a questionnaire on maternal variables and frequency of pediatric appointments, weight and height measurements, and children's food intake. To that end, a score was generated based on the points assigned according to SISVAN (meaning 'food and nutrition monitoring system,' run by the Brazilian Ministry of Health). A multivariate model was calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. The sample comprised 249 children. We found 30.5% (76) of poor/regular dietary quality, which in the multivariate model was associated to the guardian's educational background, considering up to incomplete high school (PR = 2.14, CI95% = 1.03-4.44) and complete high school (PR = 1.70, CI95% = 0.81-3.54), as well as their failure to see a dentist (PR = 2.54, CI95% = 1.33-4.84) or having seen one before the age of four months (PR = 1.94, CI95% = 1.01-3.72). It is our conclusion that failing to see a dentist within the first year of life and lower maternal schooling negatively impact on children's dietary quality.

O objetivo foi analisar a qualidade do consumo alimentar de crianças com um ano de idade acompanhadas por um serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Trata-se de estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte de saúde bucal infantil em que foram coletados dados de crianças nascidas em 2013 e acompanhadas por 2 anos, em Porto Alegre. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre variáveis maternas e frequência de consultas de puericultura, medidas antropométricas e consumo alimentar da criança. Para tal, foi gerado um escore a partir da pontuação criada conforme o SISVAN (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional). Foi calculado um modelo multivariado, por meio da Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A amostra consistiu de 249 crianças. Encontrou-se 30,5% (76) de qualidade ruim/regular da alimentação, que no modelo multivariado esteve associada com nível educacional do responsável, sendo até ensino médio incompleto (RP = 2,14, IC95% = 1,03-4,44) e ensino médio completo (RP = 1,70, IC95% = 0,81-3,54), assim como não ter consultado com dentista (RP = 2,54, IC95% = 1,33-4,84) ou ter consultado até o quarto mês de idade (RP = 1,94, IC95% = 1,01-3,72). Conclui-se que não consultar com dentista no primeiro ano de vida e menor escolaridade materna repercutem negativamente na qualidade alimentar infantil.

Evaluation of six years of dental referrals from the pediatric inpatient area of Hospital Criança Conceição in Porto Alegre, Brazil / Evaluación de seis años de interconsultas odontológicas provenientes del área de internación pediátrica del Hospital Criança Conceição de Porto Alegre, Brasil

Abstract Introduction: this study aimed to describe the profile of the referrals sent to the hospital dentistry team from patients in Hospital Criança Conceição in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from January 2012 to July 2018. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective study was conducted, evaluating 193 electronic dental records to extract the following data: patient's sex and age, description of the referral made by other health professionals and the dentist's behavior in solving the presented problem. Results: 61.6% of patients were male and the mean age of all patients was 10.5 years. Most dental referrals came from the oncohematology area (75.12%) and the predominant reason was pre- and post-chemotherapy patients' dental care (40.4%). The diagnosis most commonly found by dentists was mucositis (17.6%) and caries (16%). There was absence of oral diseases in 23.8% of cases. The interventions most commonly performed by the hospital dentistry team were laser therapy (57.5%) and oral hygiene instructions (49.1%) in the hospital setting, while procedures in dental offices and surgical rooms included exodontias (27.7%) and restorations (11.7%). Conclusions: the profile of referrals sent to the hospital dentistry team from patients hospitalized in the Hospital Criança Conceição in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, is inadequate, since there was a lack of transdisciplinary management including dental care, in addition to poor use of information technology resources and lack of more objective medical records for easy retrieval of patient health information.

Resumen Introducción: este estudio pretende describir el perfil de las interconsultas enviadas al equipo de odontología hospitalaria provenientes de pacientes internados en el Hospital Criança Conceição de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, en el período de enero de 2012 a julio de 2018. Métodos: estudio descriptive retrospectivo en el que se evaluaron 193 historias clínicas odontológicas electrónicas para extraer los siguientes datos: sexo y edad del paciente, descripción de la interconsulta realizada por otros profesionales de salud y conducta del cirujano dentista frente al problema presentado. Resultados: el 61,6% de los pacientes fue de sexo masculino y la edad promedio general fue 10,5 años. Las interconsultas más solicitadas para los cirujanos dentistas fueron provenientes del área de oncohematología (75,12%) y el motivo predominante fue sobre el cuidado bucal a pacientes pre y posquimioterapia (40,4%). El diagnóstico que más encontraron los dentistas fue mucositis (17,6%) y lesiones de caries (16%). Hubo ausencia de enfermedades bucales en 23,8% de los casos. Las intervenciones más realizadas por el equipo de odontología fueron aplicaciones de laserterapia (57,5%) y orientaciones de higiene bucal (49,1%) en ámbito hospitalario; en sillón dental y sala quirúrgica, fueron exodoncias (27,7%) y restauraciones (11,7%). Conclusiones: el perfil de las interconsultas enviadas al equipo de odontología hospitalaria provenientes de pacientes internados en el Hospital Criança Conceição de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, es inadecuado, pues se demostró falta de manejo transdisciplinar que incluya odontología, además de la necesidad de un mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos de tecnología de información e historias clínicas más objetivas y que permitan obtener más fácilmente la información de salud de los pacientes.

Oral Health Access and Early Caries in Childhood in a Primary Care Service in Southern Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of early childhood caries and its association with Child's Programmatic Action dental visits in a Primary Care Service. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Health Centers of the Grupo HospitalarConceição Community Health Service in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Mothers answered a questionnaire containing socioeconomic data, eating habits and oral care of their children. Caries examination was performed by two examiners calibrated using WHO criteria. Results: Eighty-one children with mean age of 58.8 (SD=4.8) months were evaluated, 58% were male. Caries prevalence was 43%, with mean dmft = 1.7 and mean dmfs = 3.09. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant association of caries with maternal schooling (PR=1.31, 95%CI=1.06-1.62, p=0.012), family income (PR=0.93, 95% CI=0.90-0.97, p<0.001), adequacy of the number of childcare visits (PR=0.68, 95%CI=0.54-0.86, p=0.001) and number of visits to the dentist (PR=1.04, 95%CI=1.01-1.06, p=0.001). Conclusion: Ensuring access to childcare and early dental consultation, while the family context is disregarded, does not seem to be enough to reduce caries. It is necessary to think of non-conventional oral health promotion strategies in Primary Health Care taking into account the territory and social determinants since changes to eating and oral hygiene habits and behaviors are still a challenge to the control of childhood caries.

Motivational interviewing effects on caries prevention in children differ by income: A randomized cluster trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the differential preventive effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on early childhood caries (ECC) according to socioeconomic variables, using a community-based trial in a public healthcare setting. METHODS: A cluster-randomized, double-blind study with two parallel groups in healthcare clinical settings (HCCs) comparing conventional oral health education (CE) and MI aimed at mothers of children born in 2013 and 2014. The oral health team of 6 of the 12 HCCs were trained in MI. This training was intensive for active learning of the basic MI principles, conducted by a psychologist who is a PhD in psychiatry and has extensive experience in conducting MI training workshops. It was held in an experiential format divided into two 4-hour shifts, with a 1-week interval. Children who attended at least one dental visit in the first year of life at their HCC were clinically evaluated by trained examiners and parents responded to a questionnaire. The effect of MI on the caries outcome compared with CE was evaluated in different subgroups: family income, mother's education and skin colour. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six were included in the CE group and 228 in the MI group. The caries rate per 100 surface-year was 1.29 (95%CI: 0.92-1.80) in the CE group and 0.46 (95%CI: 0.29-0.73) in the MI group. The effect of MI was statistically significant in the lower-income category (P = .03); MI prevented 57% of carious lesions (IRR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.83) and reduced the occurrence of the disease on more than one surface per 100 followed surface-year in this same category in the equivalent income subgroup (IRD = -1.37, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Motivational interviewing had a greater preventive effect against caries in children whose families are of lower income.

Percepções e saberes da equipe de saúde e de familiares de crianças menores de dois anos sobre a atenção em saúde bucal infantil na atenção primária a saúde / Perceptions and knowledge of the patient care team and family members of children under two years old about oral health in primary health care / Percepciones y conocimientos del equipo de salud y los membros de la família de niños menos de dos años sobre la atención de la salud bucal en atención primaria de salud

A Unidade de Saúde (US) Nossa Senhora Aparecida (NSA) realiza o acompanhamento de Puericultura com consultas individuais e coletivas focando no trabalho multidisciplinar. Sabe-se que a atenção odontológica na primeira infânciatem grande relevância, à medida que ocorrem diversas mudanças na cavidade oral nesse período. Sendo assim, orientações referentes aos cuidados com higiene bucal, alimentação saudável e hábitos deletérios são de responsabilidade de toda a equipe. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a percepção e o conhecimento dos familiares de crianças menores de 2 anos de idade e profissionais de saúde da US NSA sobre a importância da atenção à saúde bucal nesse período. Essa foi uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva exploratória, cujas informações foram coletadas em grupos focais, sendo um grupo com os profissionais de saúde da equipe e outro com familiares que compareceram apenas às consultas individuais de puericultura; entrevistas individuais em profundidade foram realizadas com familiares que compareceram às consultas coletivas. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo sugerem que o conhecimento de pais e responsáveis de crianças menores de 2 anos e profissionais de saúde acerca dos cuidados com a saúde bucal no primeiro ano de vida ainda é bastante empírico e permeado pelas experiências individuais e familiares que ambos vivenciam. Dessa forma, reforça-se a necessidade de realização de ações educativas sistemáticas para os profissionais de saúde e a importância da abordagem familiar ao usuário visando melhor compreensão do seu contexto, hábitos e valores, a fim de promover ações preventivas e educativas com maior efetividade. (AU)

The Health Center NossaSenhoraAparecida (NSA) performs the Child Care through individual and collective appointments in the first year of life with a focus on multidisciplinary work. Studies reinforce the importance of dental care in this period based on changes that occur in the oral cavity and require orientations to care providers regarding oral hygiene, diet and harmful habits prevention. Therefore, it is known that such guidelines are not only dentist's responsibility. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the perception and knowledge of the relatives of children less than 2 years old and NSA's health professionals about the importance of dental health care in the first year of life. This was a qualitative and descriptive exploratory research, whose information was collected in focus groups, one group formed by healthprofessionals who carry out collective appointments on childcare and another group with family members who attended only individual childcare consultations, and individual interviews with relatives who attended the collective appointments. The results obtained from this research suggest that the knowledge of parents of children under than 2 years old andhealth professionals about dental health care in the first year of life is still very empirical and permeated by individual and family experiences. Thus, it's reinforced the need for systematic educational actions for health professionals and the importance of the familiar approach to the user in order to better understand their context, habits and values, for the purpose of promote preventive and educational actions with greater effectiveness. (AU)

El Centro de Salud Nossa Senhora Aparecida lleva a cabo elmonitoreodelcuidado delniñoconcitas médicas individuales y colectivas centradas eneltrabajomultidisciplinario. Salud bucal enniños menores de dos años es de granrelevancia, a medida que occurenmuchoscambiosenlacavidad oral. Por lo tanto, las pautas relacionadas com el cuidado de la higiene bucal, laconducta alimentaria y los hábitos nocivos son responsabilidade del grupo de atención al paciente. El propósito de esta investigaciónfueevaluarlapercepción y elconocimiento de los membros de la família de niños menores de dos años y personales de saluddel Centro de Salud Nossa Senhora Aparecida sobre laatencion de lasalud bucal durante este período. Esta fue una investigacióncualitativacon grupos focales, siendoun grupo conpersonales de salud y otroconmiembros de la família que asistieron solo a citas médicas individuales. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales em profundidadconmiembros de la família que asistieron a las citas médicas colectivas. Los resultados de esta investigaciónsugieren que elconocimientode los padres y cuidadores de niños menores de dos años y personales de salud sobre el cuidado de lasalud oral es muy empírico y esta influenciado por lasexperienciasindividuales y familiares de ambos. Por lo tanto, laimportancia y necessidad de acciones educativas para lospersonales de salud y laimportancia de un enfoque familiar para los familiares conel objetivo de comprendermejorsu contexto, hábitos y valores, conelfin de promover acciones preventivas y educativas conmayoreficacia. (AU)